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Dartmouth Hall: a white, 3-story tall building with the numbers 1784 inscribed in front.

You know Dartmouth's official name is Dartmouth College. But, is it actually a college? 

The answer is no. Dartmouth contains world-renowned graduate schools of business, engineering, and medicine. So why would we choose to call ourselves a college instead of a university? The story behind that decision dates back to 1819 and a very significant Supreme Court ruling.

Legend has it that in 1815, after being removed as president by Dartmouth's Board of Trustees, John Wheelock persuaded the governor of New Hampshire to make the college into a public institution, governed by the state legislature. That is how "Dartmouth University" was born. The Board of Trustees at the time attempted to resist the decision by appealing in court with the solicited help of Dartmouth alumnus—lawyer, statesman, and former Secretary of State— Daniel Webster, Class of 1801.

Eventually reaching the Supreme Court, the landmark case Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward was the stage onto which Webster delivered a passionate and impactful speech about the college. His words have echoed throughout time, becoming a significant piece of Dartmouth history with the celebrated sentence, "It is, as I have said, a small college. And yet, there are those who love it!"

Webster's speech is said to have brought the judge to tears. The final ruling was in favor of Dartmouth College, which returned to its founding mission of a liberal arts education. The landmark case set the application of the Contracts Clause of the United States Constitution, and it's still referenced today. 

Webster's speech became a reference point to the Dartmouth identity, with its core being the small liberal arts education Dartmouth has uniquely provided for 256 years. Thus, Dartmouth College chooses to be called a college—for it honors those triumphant years and makes a genuine testament about its dedication to its undergraduate students.

Source: https://home.dartmouth.edu/about/dartmouth-college-case-decided-us-supreme-court 

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